On older Macs, the serial number was often stored on a programmable chip (EEPROM) that could sometimes be modified using specific "Blank Board Serializer" tools. However, the M1 chip changed the game.
: Changing the serial number would typically require physically removing and rewriting the M1 chip or replacing multiple interconnected chips (CPU, ROM, and Wi-Fi) simultaneously to maintain system functionality. Common Scenarios macbook m1 change serial number