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(access to fresh water and a healthy diet).

: Scientific institutions continue to rely on the "3Rs"— Replacement (using non-animal models), Reduction (using fewer animals), and Refinement (minimizing pain)—to justify animal use in laboratories.

: A scientific and practical approach focused on the quality of life for animals under human care. It acknowledges that humans may use animals for food, research, and companionship, provided their physical and mental needs are met and "unnecessary suffering" is avoided.